One of the most important tasks of the database environment is to structure file naming within Berkeley DB. Cooperating applications (or multiple invocations of the same application) must agree on the location of the database environment, log files and other files used by the Berkeley DB subsystems, and, of course, the database files. Although it is possible to specify full pathnames to all Berkeley DB methods, this is cumbersome and requires applications be recompiled when database files are moved.
Applications are normally expected to specify a single directory home for the database environment. This can be done easily in the call to DB_ENV->open() by specifying a value for the db_home argument. There are more complex configurations in which it may be desirable to override db_home or provide supplementary path information.
The following list describes the possible ways in which file naming information may be specified to the Berkeley DB library. The specific circumstances and order in which these ways are applied are described in a subsequent paragraph.
If the DB_HOME environment variable is set when DB_ENV->open() is called, its value may be used as the database home, and files named relative to its path.
The DB_HOME environment variable is intended to permit users and system administrators to override application and installation defaults. For example:
env DB_HOME=/database/my_home application
Application writers are encouraged to support the -h option found in the supporting Berkeley DB utilities to let users specify a database home.
There are four DB_ENV methods that affect file naming:
The DB_ENV->add_data_dir() method specifies a directory to search for database files.
The DB_ENV->set_lg_dir() method specifies a directory in which to create logging files.
The DB_ENV->set_tmp_dir() method specifies a directory in which to create backing temporary files.
The DB_ENV->set_metadata_dir() method specifies the directory in which to create persistent metadata files used by the environment.
These methods are intended to permit applications to customize a file locations for an environment. For example, an application writer can place data files and log files in different directories or instantiate a new log directory each time the application runs.
The following list describes the specific circumstances and order in which the different ways of specifying file naming information are applied. Berkeley DB filename processing proceeds sequentially through the following steps:
If the filename specified to a Berkeley DB function is an absolute pathname, that filename is used without modification by Berkeley DB.
On UNIX systems, an absolute pathname is defined as any pathname that begins with a leading slash (/).
On Windows systems, an absolute pathname is any
pathname that begins with a leading slash or leading
backslash (\); or any
pathname beginning with a single alphabetic character,
a colon and a leading slash or backslash (for example,
C:/tmp).
The common model for a Berkeley DB environment is one in which only the DB_HOME environment variable, or the db_home argument is specified. In this case, all data filenames are relative to that directory, and all files created by the Berkeley DB subsystems will be created in that directory.
The more complex model for a transaction environment might be one in which a database home is specified, using either the DB_HOME environment variable or the db_home argument to DB_ENV->open(); and then the data directory and logging directory are set to the relative pathnames of directories underneath the environment home.
Store all files in the directory /a/database:
dbenv->open(dbenv, "/a/database", flags, mode);
Create temporary backing files in
/b/temporary, and all other files in
/a/database:
dbenv->set_tmp_dir(dbenv, "/b/temporary"); dbenv->open(dbenv, "/a/database", flags, mode);
Store data files in /a/database/datadir, log
files in /a/database/logdir, and all other
files in the directory /a/database:
dbenv->set_lg_dir(dbenv, "logdir"); dbenv->set_data_dir(dbenv, "datadir"); dbenv->open(dbenv, "/a/database", flags, mode);
Store data files in /a/database/data1 and
/b/data2, and all other files in the directory
/a/database. Any data files that are created
will be created in /b/data2, because it is the
first data file directory specified:
dbenv->set_data_dir(dbenv, "/b/data2"); dbenv->set_data_dir(dbenv, "data1"); dbenv->open(dbenv, "/a/database", flags, mode);